中央农村工作会议系列解读⑰打造农业科技战略力量,实现高水平农业科技自立自强******
作者:谢艳乐 李书奎 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所
2022年中央农村工作会议强调:“要依靠科技和改革双轮驱动加快建设农业强国,要紧盯世界农业科技前沿,大力提升我国农业科技水平,加快实现高水平农业科技自立自强”,这一重要论述是对党的二十大报告中关于“坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康,加快实现高水平科技自立自强”精神在农业领域的贯彻落实和有效强化。锚定农业强国建设目标,打造农业科技战略力量,既是全面推进乡村振兴战略的核心要义所在,也是坚持以中国式农业农村现代化、夯实中国式现代化的现实要求,充分体现了党中央对农业科技发展的高度重视。
当前,新一轮科技革命和产业变革孕育兴起,使得科技创新成为国际战略博弈的主战场。近年来,我国农业物质技术装备条件取得显著改善,农业科技水平整体步入世界前列,科技支撑农业发展的广度与深度逐步强化。农业科技进步贡献率达到61%,农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过72%,农作物种源自给率突破95%,主要农作物良种基本实现全覆盖。
尽管我国农业科技创新领域取得了显著成效,但依然面临着部分核心技术水平较低、科技力量发展较为滞后、种源“卡脖子”等短板问题。农业科技基础研究薄弱、原创的科技创新能力未实现根本性扭转,并且与建设农业强国的要求相比,我国农业科技弱项依然突出,加快实现高水平农业科技自立自强仍面临着些许困境及重大挑战。
为此,对标世界科技强国与农业强国,打造我国农业科技战略力量,实现高水平农业科技自立自强的农业强国建设目标,可以从以下三个方面着手。
一是聚焦农业科技基础前沿研究,占领科技创新战略制高点。要把立足点放在自主创新上,围绕农业科技基础前沿研究与核心短板领域进行系统谋划和合理布局,以集中优势力量攻克农业发展关键核心技术,并逐步降低对农业关键技术、装备等方面的对外依存程度。
加强对农业科技自主创新发展的宣传力度,积极营造崇尚自主创新的文化环境,形成尊重人才、尊重创造的良好风尚,创建有利于创新型人才成长的土壤与制度。合理配置农业科研经费使用比例,明确资金使用的具体用途,加强对农业科技基础研究的重视程度,进一步提高科研项目的投入比重和产出效率,以提升农业科技创新体系整体效能。
二是支持企业组建发展联合体,创新新型科研组织模式。全面深化农业科技体制改革,谋划农业科技顶层设计,发挥新型举国体制优势以整合各级各类优势科研资源,强化企业科技创新主体地位,创新科技体制和科研管理方式,促进创新资源互融互促。
引导科研院所和高校的农业科技研发成果按照市场机制向企业集聚;针对高校和科研机构,逐步将以理论研究为主的科研考核体系向理论研究与实践应用并重转变,提升科研成果、专利转化应用在考核中的权重;引导科研院所和高校侧重源头创新,以基础研究为主,将科研成果的应用与开发让渡给企业,集中优势力量开展关键核心技术科研攻关,推动研发和产业资源进一步整合,形成合力以进一步强化农业科技创新发展。
三是加快农业关键技术发展,强化创新平台对育种产业化的支撑作用。强化现代科学技术与育种技术的深度融合发展,促进大数据技术、信息技术、分子生物学技术、合成生物学技术等与传统育种方式有机融合。
强化创新平台支撑作用,鼓励科企深度合作建设国家级的研发平台,如企业重点实验室、国家工程中心、国家创新中心等,优化配置资源以支持企业开展育种攻关,建立健全“育繁推一体化”的现代农作物种业创新体系;加强共性基础技术平台建设,推动产业链上下游融通创新,以共建共享国家重大基础平台;推进科技创新平台载体绩效考核的常态化管理,将开放共享列入绩效考核的核心内容,并对考核优秀的创新平台,优先推荐申报国家或地区科技计划项目,以加速育种科技成果转化与产业化应用发展。
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |